International Trade

Did the Uruguay Round Spark Innovation? Evidence from Developing Countries Using Patent Data

Trade liberalization significantly increases innovation outcomes in developing countries, with effects persisting for up to 30 years. Separating resident from non-resident patent applications distinguishes genuine domestic innovation from registration effects induced by the contemporaneous TRIPS agreement.

The Two Margins of Economic Coercion: Leverage and Partial Compliance under Imposed Sanctions

42 views, 16 downloads. Examines conditions under which tariff threats effectively coerce policy changes in target countries.

Import Liberalization, Not Export Expansion

Import liberalization has larger poverty-reducing effects than export expansion through lower consumer prices.